What is the term for data and information based on facts rather than opinions?

The term that best describes data and information grounded in facts rather than personal opinions is objective data. This type of data is measurable and verifiable, which means it can be observed and quantified without bias. Objective data is typically collected through methods that are standardized and repeatable, such as laboratory tests, direct observations, and structured assessments. This characteristic of being fact-based makes objective data crucial in fields like strength and conditioning, where precise measurements inform training regimens and monitoring of progress.

In contrast, subjective data arises from personal perspectives, emotions, and interpretations, which can introduce bias and variability. Qualitative data, though valuable in understanding experiences and contexts, also relies on subjective assessments rather than measurable facts. Meanwhile, quantitative data focuses on numerical information that can be statistically analyzed but does not inherently carry the connotation of objectivity unless it's collected through objective means. This distinction is essential when evaluating research, performance metrics, or any data collection in the context of strength and conditioning.