Which of the following is NOT one of the four sources of confidence associated with performance psychology?

Confidence in performance psychology stems from various sources, among which personal experience, physiological state, and vicarious experience are widely recognized. Personal experience refers to the achievements and skills that an individual has developed through their own efforts and practice. This plays a crucial role in building intrinsic confidence, as past successes and failures inform future expectations and performance.

Physiological state involves how one's physical condition can influence confidence. Factors such as fatigue, arousal levels, and overall health can significantly impact an athlete's belief in their capability to perform. When an athlete feels physically prepared and energized, they are more likely to approach performance situations with confidence.

Vicarious experience refers to learning and gaining confidence through observing others perform. Witnessing a peer or role model succeed can enhance an individual's belief in their own abilities, as it provides a tangible example of what is possible.

Third-party validation, while it may contribute to an individual's confidence, is not typically classified as one of the primary sources of confidence in performance psychology. Instead, it can be seen as an external affirmation that might support confidence but does not directly arise from one's own ability, state, or observations of others. This distinction clarifies that while feedback from others can be beneficial, it is not foundational in the same